TAA i.3.1.4

                                                 Notes                                              1

Models carved out of a log of wood, shaped and planed with 

an adze.

Eastern or Mediterranean type:-
Carvel = Caravel; carvel-built; with planks flush; planks 

            or blocks of wood laid edge to edge so that they present 

            a smooth surface without, fastened on the inside 

            with wooden dowels, and thwarts or cross-pieces to 

            yoke or tie the sides.

Thwart or Thwarts, cross-piece or <cross>tie; whence oarsman's bench 

            placed across boat; whence suggested seat for those that 

            plied the paddle or oar.

Scandinavian type:-
Clinker-built, made with external planks overlapping down-

           wards and fastened with clinched copper nails; when 

           such plank is laid on so as to overlap the one below it.

Stern and stern pieces
Stern, curved timber or metal piece to which the ships' sides are 

           joined at fore end, as from stern to stern, from end to end; 

           false stern, sharp-edged piece in front of stern serving as 

           cut-water.

Bow and Stern
            Turned up; the two ends rising in a curved line