TAA i.3.1.25

                                                      7.

and still common in the boats of the Ganges.

          In view of the close general similarity of this class of 

barge it is of some importance to note the relative dimensions 

of the class. In the mean the breadth of the vessel is about

double the depth amidships, while the length is six times the 

breadth. The first factor is common to wooden boats almost all 

the world over, but the second is about double what is normal 

for a wooden sailing boat. Thus their abnormally great length 

very definitely indicates that the vessels were designed as 

river tow-barges.

          The method of arranging the double paddles for steering 

is as follows: Each vessel has two cross-beams laid athwart-

ships just in front of the after "look-out". In the foremost 

of these are stepped two short vertical posts<,> connected near 

their tops by a cross-bar. On each side of the vessel is 

placed a large paddle<, in> which projects downwards into the water 

at an angle of about 45^o and is secured to one of the upright 

posts by lashings which allow it to be rotated about its axis. 

The forward edge of the paddle rests against the after side 

of the second athwartship beam, while from the upper part of

each paddle – in front of the upright post – a slightly curved 

tiller projects downwards. It is a somewhat interesting 

difference that while in the XII Dynasty models of Beni Hassan 

all the tillers are abaft these posts, in the XVIII Dynasty 

Tutankhamen models all the tillers of the vessels with double 

steering paddles are placed forward of the posts. In the class 

of boats with only one steering paddle, however, <–> the ordinary 

river boats with split sterns, <–> however the older fashion of 

the tiller aft persists (see No. 334).

<Insert from p. 6A>

                                                     The Large Sailing Vessels.

          Three models of these vessels were found (Nos. 336, 276 

and 321), all closely similar except in very small details. 

The hulls are of different form to those of any other of the